A logic family is a complete set of logic gates that are manufactured using a particular type of electronic circuitry. To implement an inverter using nand or nor gates 4. Jun 19, 2019 in this tutorial, we will have a brief introduction to logic gates. Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. For each of the above circuits an and gate, an xor gate, a half adder, a gated latch. This experiment is designed to reinforce the students exposure to the following. Experiment 2 basic logic gates implementation using breadboards and discrete gates introduction. Nand and nor gates are called universal gates as any type of logic gates or logic. Experiment 4logic gates experiment 7boolean laws and demorgans theorems experiments 11adder and magnitude comparator experiments combinational logic using demultiplexers experiments 14the d latch and d flipflop experiments 16the jk flipflop.
Moreover, the output inverts the logic level of the input. The purpose of this lab report is to teach the student how to apply the use of multiplexers to implement a boolean expression. To study the truth tables of various basic logic gates 2. During the compilation above, the quartus ii compiler was free to choose any pins. Record your observations and create a truth table to record how the different inputs effect the outputs.
Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to introduce you to gate behavior and logic interpretation as well as the basics of circuit wiring and troubleshooting. The main drawback of the diode logic family is that it is not complete. Teaching digital logic circuit design via experimentbased learning print your own logic circuit. Ee2449 digital logic lab experiment 4 logic functions text. To understand basic gate operation of following logic families. Basic logic gates have two kinds of major circuits, ttl transistortransistor logics and cmosfet compliment metaloxide semiconductor fieldeffecttransistor logics. We have made three basic logic gate using diode and npn transistor. We will see the different logic levels in ttl circuits, cmos circuits, some simple logic gates like or, not, nand, and, etc. Arnold schwarzenegger this speech broke the internet and most inspiring speech it changed my life. The interconnection of gates to perform a variety of logical operation is called logic design. In this tutorial, we will have a brief introduction to logic gates. Nov 01, 2016 logic gates, experiment grade 10, i g c s e syllabus. Practical lab report 1, experiment 1 ecte233 uow studocu. This experiment is designed to reinforce the students.
Realization of logic functions with the help of universal gates nor gate. In the past, vacuum tube and relay circuits performed logic functions. Logic functions can be implemented in several ways. In chapter 3, we studied the operation of all the basic logic gates, and we.
Basic logic gates and, or, and not gates objectives. Simple logic circuits and manufacturing technology, truth table and symbolic representation, fundamental properties for boolean algebra, implementing circuits form truth table, xor gate, demorgans law, logical expression, simplification using fundamental properties, demorgan, practice, karnaugh map 3 input. Logic gates not, or, and, nor, nand, xor, xnor gate, pdf. Pdf alloptical multiple logic gates with xor, nor, or, and. The aim of this experiment is to design and plot the dynamic characteristics of 2input nand, nor, xor and xnor gates based on cmos static logic introduction. The third gate used in lab 8 is called the not gate which is also known as an inverter. Switch the inputs a and b which would be located vertically under within the first 3 pins of each logic gate, to low and high 0 0, 0 1, 1 0, 1 1, to see how it effects the output results. Presently logic functions are performed by tiny integrated circuits ics.
Experiment 2 basic logic gates implementation using. Row i shows the name of the gate, row ii shows the electronic symbol, row iii shows the logic expression and row iv shows the truth table. Physics investigatory project class 12 on topic logic gates. Sketch out a logic diagram or use multisim required for some experiments prior to building the circuit. Nand gate is actually a combination of two logic gates. Simulate voltages equivalent to logic 1 and 0 to each of the inputs, measure the output and determine the logic function of the gate. This needs to be done for each of the four integrated circuits ics chips. Logic gates pdf 74p download book online free computer. A truth table is a table showing all possible values at the inputs of a digital circuit and the corresponding value of the output. Logic gates class 12 physics investigatory project. Laboratory manual digital systems and logic design. So its output is complement of the output of an or gate. Introduction to logic gates not, and, nand, or, nor. Introduction to digital logic with laboratory exercises.
Logic gates, experiment grade 10, i g c s e syllabus. A clock is created to be used in a basic state machine design that aims to combine logic circuits with memory. Plot the output voltage as a function of this input voltage. Refer to the section at the end of this experiment called drawing circuits. I have attached the complete project report for your reference and you can download it for free here. Describe and, or or nand, nor logic gates realize logic gates belonging to different logic families such as dtl, ttl and cmos understand.
The output of an or gate assumes 1, if one or more inputs assumes 1. Implement a 2input and gate using nand gates only and implement a 2input and gate using nor gates only. Logic gates 4 oo software design and construction 2input logic gate hierarchy it is sensible to view each of the 2input logic gates as a specialized subtype of a generic logic gate a base type which has 2 input wires and transmits its output to a single output wire. The breadboard provides a convenient and organized way of implementing circuits, making quick component changes and providing troublefree circuit. All it does, is give an output that is opposite to its inputs making the gate the simplest one to use out of the rest of the gates. Logic gate is a physical device implementing a boolean function and performs. The not gate coming out of the or gate with s as its direct input indicates the q output. Jan 01, 2017 logic gates using discrete components. The not gate symbol boolean equation truth table because the not gate has only one input, the truth table has two rows. Friends, heres a great physics investigatory project for class 12 students. Pdf the authors have proposed, simulated, and experimentally. Experimentally verify that your and gate is working. Verify its operation by completing a voltage truth table for the gate and produce a plot of vo vs.
Not, or, and and gates are the basic types of gates. Give this series of steps a try, and observe both q and q outputs. Experiment 2 basic logic gates implementation using breadboards. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fanout, or it may refer to a nonideal physical device see ideal and real opamps. The action of logic circuits is usually summarized in the form of truth tables, which shows the output for the combinations of the input signals.
Wire and operate logic gates such as and, or, not, nand, nor, xor. The output of an or gate assumes 0, if both inputs assumes 0. Logic design lab eel3712l experiment 2 p a g e 2 19 gate characteristics. Pdf digital logic circuit design is of vital importance in the education of electronic engineers. The concept of memory is then introduced through the construction of an sr latch and then a d flipflop. Most integrated circuit ic chips contain a number of logic gates. Insert a 7408 quad 4 in 1 package two inputs and gate ic into the logic lab breadboard 2. In order for an or gate to make the circuit work, it at least needs one of the inputs to have a 1 value hence or gate. Digital electronics part i combinational and sequential logic. Pdf combinational logic gates and circuits mahroo uris. This gate can have minimum two inputs, output is always one. Thus operation of or gate is based on the following rules.
Combinational logic circuits iii purpose and objectives. Static logic is a design methodology in integrated circuit design where there is at all times some mechanism to drive the output either high or low. Group all rows with an output of f1 into a single and term product combine these and terms with a single or gate sum note. In this experiment, the 7400 chip used contains four separate nand gates. Introduction to logic gates digital and analogue electronics.
Lab report for experiment, typed, including introduction, methods, results and conclusion. If one or more inputs are low false or logic 0, the output will be high. Elec 2210 experiment 1 basic digital logic circuits. Mano and ciletti, digital design, 5th edition, chapter 2. In addition to the overhead bar shown above read as x abar, notation for logical inversion includes the following. Key topics presented in logic gates class 12 physics investigatory. Select gates from the dropdown list and click add node to add more gates. Do out a truth table for an and gate and determine what configuration is required to get the same logical outputs. Investigate the behaviour of and, or, not, nand, nor and xor gates. In principle any method that leads to a gate that is functionally complete for example, either a nor or a nand gate can be used to make any kind of. From transistorsto logic gates and logic circuits prof.
Based on this, logic gates are named as and gate, or gate, not gate etc. Simple digital logic gates can be made by combining transistors, diodes and resistors as discrete components. Leds as indicator used to show output level high1 or low0. Aim to study about logic gates introduction logic gates are. For example, in many of the popular logic families, such as ttl and traditional cmos. Given a truth table that specifies a logic circuits behaviour, design the equivalent circuit. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for. A logic gate is an idealized or physical electronic device implementing a boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output. To study and verify the truth table of logic gates learning objective. So its output is complement of the output of an and gate.
It is an electronic circuit having one or more than one input and only one output. Experiment logic gates or, and, not, nor and nand youtube. Anne bracy cs 3410 computer science cornell university the slides are the product of many rounds of teaching cs 3410 by professors weatherspoon, bala, bracy, and sirer. Mano and ciletti, digital design, 5th edition, chapter 2 required chips. Background diode logic dl or diode resistor logic drl is a logic family that uses only diodes and the resistors in the implementation of the logic functions. To do so, we will explore the function of several of the basic logic gates discussed in lecture. This gate gives high output 1 if all the inputs are 1s. Our q output is indicated by the red led on the not gate fed by the or gate with r as its input. Similarly, any 2level implementation of a productofsums pos expression can be converted to an allnor gate implementation of the circuit. Bright india public school affiliated to cbse curriculum investigatory project on logic gates guided by. Logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. The following inference can be easily drawn from the workingof electrical circuit. Pdf teaching digital logic circuit design via experimentbased. Experiment 7boolean laws and demorgans theorems experiments 11adder and magnitude comparator experiments combinational logic using demultiplexers.
Also, applying the use of boolean algebra to implement a combination. And and or functions can be implemented using the diode logic very easily. Logic gates class 12 physics investigatory project report. To study and verify the truth table of logic gates. Attach one input to a logic level 1 and vary the voltage input to the other input between 0 v and 5 v.
Realization of logic functions with the help of universal gatesnand gate. Picture of our logic gate project logic gates are primarily implemented using diodes or transistors acting as electronic switches. Logic design lab eel3712l experiment 2 p a g e 3 19 the behavior of a nand gate can be summarized as follows. Photonic logic gates use nonlinear optical effects. A circuit designer is free to make the output for any dontcare condition. A logic gate is a circuit with one or more input voltages but only one output voltages.
The output is low only when all the inputs are high. A gate is an electronic device which is used to compute a function on a two valued signal. Lab of experiment basic logic gates chiachun tsai classification for logic gates basic logic gates have not, and, or, nand, nor, and xor gates. Logic gates can be made from quantum mechanical effects though quantum computing usually diverges from boolean design. Parts list quantity part number description r 1 4700 470. Describe and, or or nand, nor logic gates realize logic gates belonging to different logic families such as dtl, ttl and cmos understand the factors that define the performance of a logic gate. In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a. Nor gate is actually a combination of two logic gates. Drag from the hollow circles to the solid circles to make connections.
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